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The Devanagari script is used for over 1. Devanagari Nagari, Script Features and Description, SIL International 2. United States making it one of the most used and adopted writing systems in the world. Among the languages using it as either their only script or one of their scripts are Awadhi language, Bhili language, Bhojpuri, Bodo language, Chhattisgarhi, Dogri language, Haryanvi, Hindi, Hindi, Omniglot Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages Kashmiri, Konkani language, Magahi language, Maithili, Marathi language, Mundari language, Newar language, Nepali language, Pali, Rajasthani, Sanskrit,Santali language and Sindhi language. The Devanagari script is closely related to the Nandinagari script commonly found in numerous ancient manuscripts of South India,George Cardona and Danesh Jain 2. The Indo Aryan Languages, Routledge, page 7. Reinhold Grnendahl 2. South Indian Scripts in Sanskrit Manuscripts and Prints, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, pages xxii, 2. Asian scripts. Devanagari script has forty seven primary characters, of which fourteen are vowels and thirty three are consonants. The ancient Nagari script for Sanskrit had two additional consonantal characters. The script has no distinction similar to the capital and small letters of the Latin alphabet. Akira Nakanishi, Writing systems of the World, page 4. Generally the orthography of the script reflects the pronunciation of the language. Devanagari is part of the Brahmic family of scripts of India, Nepal, Tibet, and South East Asia. It is a descendant of the Gupta script, along with Siddham script and Sharada script. Variants of script called Ngar, recognisably close to Devanagari, are first attested from the 1st century CE Rudradaman inscriptions in Sanskrit, while the modern standardised form of Devanagari was in use by about 1. CE. Richard Salomon 2. Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press, pages 4. Krishna Chandra Sagar 1. Foreign Influence on Ancient India, South Asia Books, page 1. Medieval inscriptions suggest widespread diffusion of the Nagari related scripts, with biscripts presenting local script along with the adoption of Nagari scripts. For example, the mid 8th century Pattadakal pillar in Karnataka has text in both Siddha Matrika script, and an early Telugu Kannada script while, the Kangra Jvalamukhi inscription in Himachal Pradesh is written in both Sharada and Devanagari scripts. Richard Salomon 2. Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press, page 7. The 7th century Tibetan king Srong tsan gambo ordered that all foreign books be transcribed into the Tibetan language. He sent his ambassador Thonmi Sambhota to India to acquire alphabet and writing methods returning with Sanskrit Nagari script from Kashmir corresponding to 2. Tibetan sounds and innovating new symbols for 6 local sounds. William Woodville Rockhill, United States National Museum, page 6. Other closely related scripts such as Siddham Matrka was in use in Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan and other parts of East Asia by between 7th to 1. David Quinter 2. From Outcasts to Emperors Shingon Ritsu and the Majur Cult in Medieval Japan, Brill, pages 6. Ua Vijaya Dhra Stra. Richard Salomon 2. Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press, pages 1. Sharada remained in parallel use in Kashmir. An early version of Devanagari is visible in the Kutila inscription of Bareilly dated to Vikram Samvat 1. CE, which demonstrates the emergence of the horizontal bar to group letters belonging to a word. One of the oldest surviving Sanskrit text from early post Maurya period available consists of 1,4. Nagari pages of a commentary by Patanjali, with a composition date of about 1. BCE, the surviving copy transcribed about 1. CE. Michael Witzel 2. Between the Empires Society in India 3. Photoshop Portable 13 0 1 1 Multilingual Dating